The principle of power generation of a generator

1. Basic Principle: Electromagnetic Induction

In 1831, Faraday discovered:
Conductors in a closed circuit, when moving to cut through magnetic lines of force in a magnetic field → an induced electromotive force is generated in the conductor → an induced current is formed.
This is induced electricity, and generators rely entirely on this phenomenon to generate power.

2. Internal Structure of a Generator (3 Core Components)

- Magnetic Field: Permanent magnets/Excitation coils, fixed in place

- Coil: Rotating closed copper wire

- Commutator/Slip Ring: Guides current out to an external circuit

3. Complete Power Generation Process

1. External force drives the coil to rotate at high speed (diesel, hydraulic, wind, or steam can all be used)

2. The rotating coil cuts across the magnetic field lines

3. An induced voltage and current immediately appear in the coil

4. The current is output through brushes and terminals, becoming domestic or industrial electricity

4. Why Does Electricity Generate?

Free electrons in the magnetic field are forced to move by the cutting motion
Directed movement of electrons = electric current
Mechanical energy → kinetic energy → electrical energy, energy is converted directly.

5. Simple Summary Mnemonic

Magnetic field fixed, coil rotates, wire cuts magnetic lines
Electromagnetic induction generates current, mechanical energy turns into electrical energy